When is carbonic acid formed

In the dissolution process, carbon dioxide reacts with the water molecules according to the equation below. Seawater can assimilate much more CO 2 than fresh water.

The reason for this is that bicarbonate and carbonate ions have been perpetually discharged into the sea over aeons. The carbonate reacts with CO 2 to form bicarbonate, which leads to a further uptake of CO 2 and a decline of the CO 3 2— concentration in the ocean.

All of the CO 2 -derived chemical species in the water together, i. This carbonic acid-carbonate equilibrium determines the amount of free protons in the seawater and thus the pH value. In summary, the reaction of carbon dioxide in seawater proceeds as follows: First the carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid. This then reacts with carbonate ions and forms bicarbonate. Over the long term, ocean acidification leads to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions in seawater.

A 50 per cent decline of the levels is predicted, for example, if there is a drop in pH levels of 0. This would be fatal.

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Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Geochemistry Inorganic chemistry. Abstract Carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 forms in small amounts when CO 2 dissolves in H 2 O, yet decomposes rapidly under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. The still image a and Raman spectra b during laser heating at 4.

Figure 3. Results of resistive heating experiments A prerequisite for the precipitation of H 2 CO 3 during laser heating should be the existence of dissolved molecular H 2 CO 3 aq along the thermal gradient at the edge of the directly heated area.